For e.g. If a worker suggested the ways to
reduce cost, then management should listen to suggestion and also reward the
same.
Workers should also give their best towards
the organization because if their organization performs better it is beneficial
for them as well, they can demand an increase in their wages.
·
Development
of each and every person to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity:
A success of an organization depends upon
the skills and the capabilities of its employees. Taylor suggested that
employees should be selected scientifically and training should be provided to
them right from the beginning of their selection. Work should be assigned to
the employees according to their skills and capabilities.
One effective employee is much better
than 10 ineffective employees – No sweat study
Techniques of scientific management
These are the techniques developed by F.W. Taylor to put the
scientific management to practice:
Functional Foremanship:
Taylor suggested that different activities like planning the
work, repair the machines, timely completion of job, keeps tools ready for work
and more should be undertaken by specialists only.
As one person cannot
perform all these activates alone so there should be different experts for
different jobs.
Under this technique Taylor suggested the separation of
planning and execution of work or we can say separation of planning and
production. Taylor suggested that under these two departments there should be
experts to guide, supervise, give instructions to the workers but all these
activities cannot be found in one man.
So, Taylor suggested eight specialists, 4 working under
planning department and 4 under production department.
Under Planning
department
·
Instruction
clerk
·
Route
clerk
·
Time and
cost clerk
·
Disciplinarian
Instruction clerk:
The main aim or function of this foreman is to provide
instructions to the workers according to which workers are bound to work.
Route clerk:
This foreman specifies Sequence of operation like what is
the first activity to be performed and what the 2nd activity like so.
Time and cost clerk:
Fixing the time for starting the job and completing the job
and keeping an eye on the cost is the main aim of this foreman.
Disciplinarian:
The job of this foreman is to ensure discipline in the
workplace and make sure work is done according to the plans laid down.
Under production Department:
The work of the production department is to get the work
done according to the plans laid down.
·
Speed
Boss
·
Gang Boss
·
Repair
Boss
·
Inspector
Speed Boss:
The responsibility is to make
sure that work is completed in time and to make sure work is going according to
plans.
Gang Boss:
In order have no delay in the
working machines must be kept in order and ready to use. This is the job of
this boss
Repair Boss:
This boss makes sure machines and
tools are working properly and takes care of repair if necessary.
Inspector:
This inspector ensures that the work done by the employees
is according to the desired quality set by the planning department earlier.
Standardization and simplification of work
Standardization
means setting standards for each and every work so the actual performance can
be compare later with the Standards already set.
Scientific management emphasis on maintaining standard in
each and every step of business.
Standards should not only be made for the output but also
for the inputs if we want better results like standards for raw material,
machines, tools, equipment’s and more.
Standards are not only made for quality but also for size,
time, weights and measures.
According to F.W. Taylor standards should be set by using
scientific methods of production not by past experiences or personal judgments
In order to setup standards managers must use of work study technique
which includes time study, motion study and fatigue study
Simplification
Simplification means to simplify the work by eliminating the
unnecessary and verities, sizes, products and types.
For example, a coffee company used to produce different
verities of coffee soon manager realize there was not demand for certain coffee
verity. So manager eliminated those verities.
Simplification helps in eliminating waste, machine expenses
and reduce labor cost resulting in reduce of cost.
Simplification has been used by various big companies like
Microsoft and Nokia
Work study
Work study means analyze the performance of workers in work
place to come up with better working methods. It includes:
v
Method
study
v
Time
study
v
Motion
study
v
Fatigue
study
Method study
There are various methods to complete a job and best method
should be found for maximum production and reduction in costs.
For example, in order to manufacture carpet there are two
ways, one with hands(manual) and another with machines. Both ways have their
pros and cons but the company has to decide on the one which increases productivity
and reduces cost.
If company decides to
go for manual or labor intensive, then the cost will be high and productivity
will be less but if company decides for capital intensive then production will
be more and costs will be less
Motion study
It is the study of various motions by workers will working
like picking, turning, sitting, standing, walking which are necessary to
perform a job. Now there are some motion which are unnecessary and must be
removed to reduce the time and save workers energy to complete the job.
For example: - A worker in a factory should have necessary
tools with him while working, he should not go back to tool store for some
tools and then come back again to work place and so on. He should carry all the
necessary tools with him.
Time study
It is to determine the necessary time required by the worker
to complete a particular job. This can be done with the help of stop watches,
measuring devices etc. By identifying the time taken by the worker to complete
a job it can help the manager to how many workers are required per day and
understand the difficulty to perform the job.
Fatigue study
The rest intervals required to perform a job. A worker feels
tired after working for long worker and if proper rest is not taken by the
worker then he will be not able to work again with his full capacity and may
get sick or other health issues. So management has to understand the rest
intervals to be provided to workers during their work.
0 Comments